CATEGORIZING CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION MEASURES
4 ENVIRONMENTAL CATEGORIES OF CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION MEASURES
WHERE CAN ADAPTMENT BE APPLIED?
COMPREHENSIVELY UPDATING ENVIRONMENTAL CATEGORIES OF CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION MEASURES
Climate change adaptation measures raised by the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) and other reports are divided into four categories: land, sea, river, and humans, which is the current international standard.
However, ecosystems such as land, sea, river, and cities where people live have interactive relationships, so it is impossible to discuss them in isolation. Based on discussions with disaster experts and others, we have restructured this classification to define disasters that threaten urban life as problems that occur at the interface between people and nature.
NEW URBAN DEVELOPMENT INTRODUCED BY ADAPTMENT
TERRESTRIAL ADAPTMENT
ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN PERI-URBAN LANDSCAPES LIKE MOUNTAINS, FORESTS, AND FARMLAND
CURRENT DEVELOPMENT
FROM AN UNCONSIDERED SOIL ECOSYSTEM
Up until now, urban development rarely considered the water retention capacity of the soil and the soil ecosystem of an entire region; this development has sometimes created new disasters afterward.
FUTURE WITH ADAPTMENT
TO A COHESIVE WATERSHED ECOSYSTEM
ADAPTMENT seeks to preserve and restore ecological connectivity by developing land that treats water retention and the ecosystem as a cohesive watershed from the beginning of the planning process.
NEW URBAN DEVELOPMENT INTRODUCED BY ADAPTMENT
RIVER ADAPTMENT
ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE, INCLUDING FLOODING IN RIVER BASINS AND FRAGMENTATION AT THE RIVER-HUMAN BOUNDARY
CURRENT DEVELOPMENT
FROM INEFFECTIVE FLOOD CONTROL MEASURES
Up until now, most conventional flood control measures for rivers are designed to prevent water from overflowing by lining the river with solid concrete, which becomes less effective or can even cause outright damage when the water exceeds a certain level.
FUTURE WITH ADAPTMENT
TO RESILIENT RIVER DISASTER PREVENTION
ADAPTMENT sees rivers as an outlet for improved water retention throughout a region. This approach also provides resilient river disaster prevention by emphasizing ecological connectivity and using flood control measures that make the most of nature.
NEW URBAN DEVELOPMENT INTRODUCED BY ADAPTMENT
SEA ADAPTMENT
ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE TO PROTECT PEOPLE FROM STORM SURGES AND TSUNAMIS, AND TO CONNECT WITH MARINE ECOSYSTEMS
CURRENT DEVELOPMENT
FROM AN UNSUSTAINABLE EXPLOITATION
Up until now, the exploitation of marine resources has not sufficiently managed the amount of fish caught based on expectations of resource recovery. In addition, coastal seawalls have suffered ecological damage, with rocky-shore denudation caused by land reclamation without regard to ecological connectivity.
FUTURE WITH ADAPTMENT
TO THE CONSERVATION OF MARINE RESSOURCES
ADAPTMENT emphasizes the preservation of wildlife sanctuaries as buffer zones, tidal flats, and coastal forests that act as intermediaries between people and the marine environment, ensuring the long-term conservation of resources essential to a sustainable city and a harmonious coexistence with nature in the future.
NEW URBAN DEVELOPMENT INTRODUCED BY ADAPTMENT
HUMAN ADAPTMENT
ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE THAT SOFTENS THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN MAN AND NATURE, RATHER THAN SIMPLY ROBUST URBAN DEVELOPMENT
CURRENT DEVELOPMENT
FROM FRAGILE URBAN STRUCTURES
Up until now, urban development has primarily been based on protecting the interior from damage by building robust external layers such as walls and breakwaters. However, these structures are sometimes fragile, and there are many cases where they collapse catastrophically at a certain point in time or have to be dismantled when they reach the end of their useful life.
FUTURE WITH ADAPTMENT
TO FLEXIBLE AND RESILIENT STRUCTURES
ADAPTMENT focuses on structural resilience, an approach that creates a flexible and resilient framework on the outside of a robust structure. This is similar to how the body prevents damage by surrounding bones with muscle, fat, and skin.
